Combined gas and oil burner



March 20, 1934. J, T, VOORHElS 1,951,379

COMBINED GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 26, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 u uQauanu una anun llllllllll [n Ver; for, cfosep/QT- Vorhe/s,

March 20, 1934. J, T. vooRHEls 1,951,379

COMBINED GAS AND OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 26, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Patented Mar. 20, 1934 UNITED STATES Parser @erica f 6 Claims.

This invention relates to an oil and gas burner, and particularlyrelates to a burner of the combination type.

In the operation'of various furnaces, stills and other apparatusrequiring intense heat, it has recently become common practice toprovide burners which may simultaneously or separately einploy liquidand gaseous fuel, and the combustion of which is supported by a supplyof air which may have previously attained a relatively high degree oftemperature.

Due to the fact that the air and fuels must be properly mixed forefficient combustion it is necessary to design a burner especiallyadapted to solve these problems, and it is the principal object of thepresent invention to provide a burner structure receiving a gaseous fueland projecting it from the end of the burner in the form of a hollowcone, and simultaneously projecting an atomized liquid fuei into theapex of said cone for combustion therewith, or may be used insubstitutes for said gaseous fuel, said fuels being properly suppliedand mixed with air to give a flame of excessive heat intensity.

The present invention contemplates the pro1 vision of a rectangularhousing which admirably lends itself to brick construction Work, andWithin which housing a burner unit is carried, which unit embodies anannular gas ring and/or a liquid fuel atomzer, as well as means wherebyair may be delivered and caused to have a gyratory movement within thestructure, and to flow into the furnace through a throat having suitablestream lines.

The invention is illustrated by Way of example in the accompanyingdrawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view in transverse section taken centrally of the burnerwith which the present invention is concerned, and showing it asinstalled in a furnace wall. Y

, Fig. 2 is a view in plan showing the burner structure in section andelevation.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the burner structure.

Fig. 4 is a view in transverse section through the burner structure asseen on the line 4 4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view in section showing the torch andobservation tube, as seen on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged View in elevation showing the portion of theburner structure which includes the air regulating structure.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, 10 indicates an outerfurnace wall, usually formed of sheet steel, and may be lined withinsulating material as shown. 11 indicates an inner furnace wall spacedfrom the front furnace Wall and providing an air duct 12, by which airmay be led to a burner structure 13 in a manner whichA will behereinafter described.

The wall 11 is provided with a protecting covering 14, such as nre clayor fire brick, and which protecting cover is within the furnace chamber.

The burner structure includes a rectangular housing 15 which extendsthrough openings in 05 the walls 10 and l1. This housing is formed witha limiting flange 16 resting against the outer face of the wall i0, anda iiange 17 resting against the outer face of the inner wall 11. As

shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, the housing in-l 70 cludes side walls18 and 19, and top and bottom walls 20 and 21, respectively. The housing15 is a composite structure including a rear wall section 22, a forwardsection 23 and an intermediate damper section 24. These three sectionswhen assembled form the continuous walls18 to V21, inclusive. Thevarious sections are bolted toA gether by bolts 25, which pass throughlugs 26 and 27. Y

The walls in the damper section are each 30 formed with a rectangularopening 28, which is fitted with a sliding cover 29. The cover is seatedalong its opposite marginal edges ingrooves 30 and 3l, forming a part ofthe damper section, and along which the cover may be slid from a. fullclosed to a full opened position.

At the corners of the walls 18to 21, and in the damper section, guidelugs 32 are provided to receive an operating cable 33. This-cable issubstantially endless and is led around the entire 90 perimeterof thedamper section as Well as given several conveiutions around an operatingshaft 34. This shaft is mounted in bearings'at one corner of thestructure, as shown in Fig. 3, and may be rotated by a crank 35.

Attention is directed to the fact that the length of any one of the sidewalls is substantially twiceY the length of a damper opening 28, so thatthe cover 29 may be moved from over the top thereof to a completelyopened position. This` makes it necessary for the openings 28 to beoffset with relation to the transverse center of the structure, and willcause air infiowing through the openings to assume a tangential courseand set up a gyratory motion as it passes into the several open- 106ings 28, and then travels longitudinally of the burner structure.

The air supplied tothe openings 28 is delivered through the conduit 12,in which conduit the air may be under conditions of exceedingly 110 hightemperature, such for example as 1060 F.

Mounted within the housing 15, is a cylindrical liner 36, which isformed with ports 37 in register with the damper openings 28. The rearend of the housing 15 and the liner 36 are closed by a wall 38constructed of heat insulating and resisting material. The forward endof the liner 36 is assembed with a throat casting 39 which agrees indiameter with the liner along contiguous edges, and is then reduced indiameter towards its outer end, making a restricted throat passageway40. Spaced from the outer end of the passageway 40, and having anoutwardly flaring face 41 as a substantial continuation of the throat 39is a fire clay throat 42 which abuts against the end of the housing 15,and is mounted within the wall 11.

Attention is directed to the fact that the outwardly flaring face of thelire clay throat 42 terminates along the circumferential line 43 andfrom that point it flares outwardly and inwardly as indicated at 44. Theinner face of the fire clay throat 42 is spaced a distance from thethroat casting 39 suiiicient to forman annular passageway 45 throughwhich jets of gas may be projected from perforations 46 in an annularburner structure 47. This burner structure is mounted Within the housing15 and substantially circumscribes the mouth of the throat casting 39.The direction of longitudinal axes of the perforations 46 in the burner47 is such as to insure that gaseous fuel will be projected outwardlythrough the annular passageway 45 tending to form a hollow cone Withinthe end of the fire clay throat 42.

The annular gas ring is suitably connected A with supply pipes 47', andmay be operated and controlled invany desired manner.

Formed in the rear closing structure of the burner is a centralhorizontally positioned bearing 48, through which a burner guide pipe 494024 extends. Suitable mechanical or steam atomized oil burners may bepositioned through the guide pipe 49 if it is desired to supplement thegas ring with other burner means.

In order that the burner may be lighted and alsol for special purposes,a tube is positioned to extend through the wall 38. On the inner end ofthistube and within the burner is a cover 56 which may be swung to anopened position. The tube 55 extends through the wall 38 and itsouterend is closed by a cover 57 which is pivoted by the shaft 58. The shaft58 extends through the wall 38 and carries the cover 56 at itsinner end.A spring 59 is wound around thef'outer end of the shaft 58 and tends toex- 5 pand and hold the covers 56 and 57 in close contact against theend of the tube 55. A collar 60 limits the expansion of the spring 59and holds the spring under compression.

Y The outer end of the shaft 58 isrformed with a handle 61, which makesit possible for the shaft and the inner cover 56 to be readily movedwhen it is necessary to ignite the fuel within the burner or forinspection.

The condition of the re within the burner maybe readily Vascertainedwhen the cover 56 is moved to one side. The outer cover 57 carries acolored observation window and is mounted to swing freely upon the shaft58 and is formed with a lug portion 63 having an open ended slot toreceive a lug bolt 64 by which it may be fastened when a Wingnut 65 istightened down upon the outer cover 57.

In operation of the present invention air is delivered to the burnerstructure through opening 28 as controlled by the sliding'cover-ZB. The

gas projecting from the burner openings in high velocity jets will tendto cause air to be drawn in around the throat casting 39, which willthen commingle with the gas, the jets of which project inwardly to thethroat 42 and will create the proper preliminary'mixture of the gas andair prior to mixing with the main volume of air whereby the gases willburn somewhat in the manner of the Bunsen burner and will insure that asuitable torch-like flame of uniform density will be projected from thethroat 42 and into the furnace.

In Fig. 6, one of the dampers is shown as partially enclosing thecorresponding damper opening 28. In Fig. 2 a damper door is shown ascompletely closing an opening 28. In any event, the dampers will act tocontrol the incoming volume of air.

It is to be understood that as here shown, this air is heated to a hightemperature and that it should be permitted to flow into the burner inrelatively large columns. These columns of inflowing air enter theburner along paths tangential to the circumference ofA the' burner andoffset from the longitudinal axis of the liner 36. This insures that theflowing column of air will tend to set up gyrations within the centralliner 36 and will move forwardly through the restricted throat 39 andthe inner throat member 42.

Attention is directed to the factthat the surfaces of the throat members39 and 42 combine to give a Venturi effect, and to first restrict theiiow of gaseous product and then to freely permit it to flare outwardlyand into the burner. In this operation the gas jets will be directedtoward a common apex within the burner throat and will be diverted fromthat point by the relatively large volume of air flowing centrally ofthe burner throat. This will open the cone of flame and cause it toflare automatically along the outer throat surface 44'as combustiontakes place.

Attention is also directedto the manner in which the annular gas ring isconcealed between the throat members 39 and 42, and tothe manner inwhich the jets of gas may project into the column of iiowing air withoutinterfering with the stream line effect. This insures that the column offlowing air will pass into the combustion chamber with a minimum amountof friction and that the burning gas will be uniformly introduced intoit.

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention as now known tome, it will be understood that various changes may be made in thecombination, construction and arrangement of parts by those skilled inthe art, without departing from the spirit of the invention i asclaimed. y Y

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters'Patent`-is:

1. In a burner structure of the character'described, an outer housing ofrectangular section f scribed, an outer housing of rectangular sectionand having a passageway formed through each of its side walls, an innershell enclosed thereby of circular section and having passageways formedthrough its side wall to register with the openings in the side walls ofthe outer housing and being disposed tangentially of the axis of saidcircular housing, communicating ducts between said inner and outeropenings, damper members mounted over the outer openings for controllingthe volume of air flowing therethrough to the inner shell, and meanssimultaneously operating all of said control members.

3. In a burner structure of the class described, a Venturi throat, anannular opening in said throat inwardly of and adjacent the restrictedarea thereof, the inwardly haring end being formed by a frusto-conicalshell through which a relatively large volume of air may pass, a housinghaving air admission means therein enclosing and spaced from said shelland forming in connection therewith an annular passageway around theshell permitting a relatively small volume of air to flow into thethroat through the annular opening therearound and between the shell andhousing, and an annular gas burner disposed around the shell within saidannular opening to project jets of fuel into the central passagewaythrough the throat and toward the outer end thereof whereby air will bedrawn in around the shell to initially mix the fuel and the resultingflame and thereafter be projected outwardly through the throat as itcommingles with the centrally flowing relatively large volume of air.

4. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air maypass and from one end of which the air may flow outwardly, afrusto-conical throat member mounted in the said end of said housing andbeing spaced therefrom so that air may flow through the housing aroundthe frusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throatmember, and an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housingand surrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projectingfuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially coneshaped flame.

5. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air maypass and from one end of which the air may flow outwardly, afrustoconical throat member mounted in the said end of said housing andbeing spaced therefrom so that air may iiow through the housing aroundthe frusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throatmember, an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housing andsurrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projectingfuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially coneshaped iiame, and an outer throat member disposed at the said end of thetubular housing and having an outwardly flaring central openingtherethrough, the inner edge of said throat member being spaced from theouter edge of the frusto-conical throat member to form an annularpassageway through which the fuel jets from the burner may project.

6. A burner structure comprising a tubular housing into which air maypass and from one end of which the air may ow outwardly, a frustoconicalthroat member mounted in the said end vof said housing and being spacedtherefrom so that air may iiow through the housing around thefrusto-conical throat member and through the frusto-conical throatmember, an annular burner mounted within the said end of the housing andsurrounding the restricted end of the throat, said burner projectingfuel jets beyond the end of the throat to form a substantially coneshaped ame, and air controlled dampers for controlling the iiow of airto the housing.

JOSEPH T. VOORHEIS.

